A Study On Air Pollution And Environmental Challenges In Chennai City

Environmental pollution is a severe issue in both developed and developing countries. Pollution is defined undesirable state of natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities. There is clear relationship between the growth manmade green house gas emissions and observed environmental climate change are claimed by policymakers. The most important causes of air pollution are human economic activities such as use of vehicles and industrial operations mainly in Chennai city. Air pollution is various types such as noise, water, air. It causes damages that are normally inflicted in society at large rather than on those directly responsible. In several city air is already polluted that it has been causing illness and deaths among elderly people and children. The high pollution density has placed great strain on available infrastructure and major problem for environmental in major cities of Tamil Nadu. It is recognized that climate change due to global warming going to important threat safety of millions of people not only living near coastline but also impacts on changing cyclones. The aim of the study focuses on objectives to environment in Chennai city to estimate the problems of air pollution environment in Challenge in Chennai city and suggest health cost of vehicular pollution and to suggest the Government measure to control air pollution in environment Chennai city

DETERMINATION OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF LEAVES OF CORCHORUS AESTUANS (L.) BY GC - MS ANALYSIS

Objective: To investigate the bioactive constituents of ethanol extract of Corchorus aestuans (L.) using GC-MS technique. Methods: The ethanol extract of leaves were subjected to GC- MS analysis using GC Clarus 500 (Perkin Elmer) with Elite- 5MS (5%Diphenyl / 95% Dimethyl poly siloxane, 30 mm x 0.25 mm x0.25μm df). The 2 μl extract sample injected and the components were separated using Helium (1 mL/min) as the carrier gas. Bioactive constituents were detected by the Turbo mass gold detector (Perkin Elmer) with the aid of the Turbomass 5.2 software. Results: The analysis revealed the presence of fourteen different bioactive constituents namely 3, 7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (5.6%), Trans-2-undecen-1-ol (1.26%), E-7-Tetradecenol (1.97%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (25.82%), Phytol (22.34%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- (20.23%), Docosanoic acid, ethyl ester (1.99%), 1-Eicosanol (2.11 %), 9,9-dimethoxybicyclo[3.3.1] nona-2,4-dione (0.60%), Heptadecanoic acid, heptadecyl ester (0.95%), Pentadecanoicacid,2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-,methylester(0.91%), 3-Hexadecycloxycarbonyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylimidazolium ion (0.90%), Squalene (8.03%), Vitamin E (7.24%). Conclusion: The presence of various bioactive compounds confirms the application of Corchorus aestuans in various disorders. However, isolation of individual phytochemical constituents may proceed to find a lead for herbal therapy

Distribution Grid Voltage Regulation for Power Quality Improvement Using UPQC

Poor voltage regulation is experienced for the costumers connected at the end of low voltage distribution grid. In the proposed paper, voltage regulation is achieved in the distribution grid using Unified Power Quality Compensator (UPQC). Different control techniques are used for shunt inverter in UPQC to improve the power quality of the Distribution Grid. Control techniques, including the PI control, DQ control and Minimum Power Point Tracking (mPPT) for voltage control are analyzed and simulated in the proposed paper. Simulation with UPQC is done for three different control techniques and its performances are compared. The mPPT avoids the circulation of unnecessary reactive compensation for voltage regulation by operating at the Minimum Power Point (mPP). Comparative analysis is made for UPQC with the different control techniques during sag, swell and fault condition. The simulation of distribution Grid for voltage regulation using UPQC is carried out using MATLAB Simulink

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CEFTRIAXONE SODIUM ENCAPSULATED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES

Objective: The objective of this study was to prepare ceftriaxone sodium chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NP) from different drug and polymer ratios and analyze their physicochemical characteristics.Methods: Ceftriaxone sodium loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using chitosan as a polymer and tri sodium polyphosphate (TPP) as cross linking agent by ionic cross linking and coacervation with the aid of sonication. Various trials have been carried out for the confirmation of nanoformulation. Parameters such as the zeta potential, polydispersity, particle size, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release Thermo gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope of the nanoparticles were assessed for confirmation of nanoformulation.Results: The formulated nanoparticles showed mean particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential to be 183.1±8.42 nm, 0.212±0.05, +38.5±1.6 mV respectively and the drug loading was found to be 46.42±10 %. In vitro drug release was showed a biphasic release pattern with initial burst release followed by sustained release of formulated nanoparticles. The cumulative percentage of drug release was about 83.08 %.Conclusion: Formulation F2 was found to be the best formulation with a higher cumulative percentage of drug release. Modified ionic gelation method can be utilized for the development of chitosan nanoparticles of ceftriaxone sodium. Polymer and crosslinking agent concentrations and sonication time are rate-limiting factors for the development of the optimized formulation. The chitosan nanoparticles developed would be capable of sustained delivery of ceftriaxone sodium

Validation of photovoltaics powered UPQC using ANFIS controller in a standard microgrid test environment

The power quality improvement becomes one of the important tasks while using microgrid as main power supply. Because the microgrid is combination of renewable energy resources. The renewable energy resources are intermittent in power supply and at the peak loading condition it has to supply the required power. So, the power quality problems may increase in that time. Out of all power quality issues the voltage drop and harmonic distortion is considered as the most serious one. In recent years unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) is emerged as most promising device which compensates both utility as well as customer side power quality disturbances in effective way. The compensating potentiality used in the UPQC is limited by the use of DC link voltage regulation and the conventional proportional integral (PI) controller. In this paper the compensating potentiality of the UPQC device is controlled by an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) control and it is powered from the available photovoltaics (PV) power generation. The effect of adding an intelligent UPQC is tested in the standard IEEE-14bus environment. MATLAB 2017b is used here for testing and plotting the simulation results

Non-descent vaginal hysterectomy for large uterus-safety and feasibility

Background: Non Descent Vaginal Hysterectomy (NDVH) is removal of uterus through vagina in non-prolapsed uterus. The objective of the present study was to assess safety and feasibility of NDVH in patients with large uterus (>12 weeks size uterus).Methods: Retrospective study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shree Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India from May2014 to May 2017. Effort was made to perform hysterectomies vaginally in women with benign conditions with large uterine size. Information regarding age, parity, uterine size, blood loss, duration of operation, number of fibroids, other surgical difficulties encountered, intra–operative and post-operative complications were recorded.Results: Total of 65 cases was selected for NDVH with large uterine size. All successfully underwent NDVH. 25 patients had uterus of 10-12 weeks size, 17 had uterine size of 12-14 weeks size. Mean duration of surgery was 90 min. Mean blood loss was 300ml. Post-operative complications were minimal. All patients had early mobility with faster resumption to daily activities. Mean hospital stay was 4-5 days.Conclusions: Non descent vaginal hysterectomy is safe, cost effective method of hysterectomy in women with large uterus requiring hysterectomy for benign conditions with less complications, shorter hospital stay and less morbidity

Technological Advancements in E-Commerce and Customer Relationship Management

In the recent past, for any business to be successful it is essential to acquire, serve and retain customers. The number of users of commercial purposes has led to increased demand for E-Commerce in the global market. There has been a remarkable progress in E-Commerce due to globalization and technological advancements which led to sustainable quantum of business at affordable price. Technologies used in E-Commerce includes: Augmented Reality: The Future of E-Commerce Stores, Artificial Intelligence: Improving E-Commerce services and Optimizing Customer Experience, Voice Search, Chatbot, Blockchain Technology: A Faster, Safer and More Transparent used as E-Commerce Payment System, Security and Supply chain management. This paper focuses on the evolution of E-Commerce, development of CRM initiatives, leading E-Commerce companies, technological advancement in E-Commerce: E-Commerce platforms and service providers; software and tools used in E-Commerce and recent trends in E-Commerce and CRM in streamlining the CRM process thereby minimizing the cost of CRM

Standardization on purification process of Thurusu (Copper Sulphate)

Metaliod based Thurusu has indication for pitha Kaaragam (Bilious heat), Pithavaayu (Bilious vayu), Arattal purattalaana sanni thosam (Apoplexy with nausea), Thanur vaayu (A kind of tetanus), Magothara sanni (Ascites due to apoplexy), Vidaassuram (Contiuued fever), Thaarunavatham (A kind of vatha), Payithya sanni (Delirium), Sethma sanni (Phlegm due to apoplexy)(60). The Thurusu has given every half an hour to induce vomiting in cases of orally ingested poisoning such as opium, datura, strychnine seeds, Anamirta cocculus seed, Indian aconite and white arsenic. It also has many indications as an external application in the form of ointment for various types of wounds. Purification of Thurusu is recommended before its application in the pharmaceutical preparation as mentioned in the Siddha literature. The Purification method of the chosen drug had been selected from the Siddha literature “Gunapaadam thathu jeeva vaguppu”. The classic method of purification was said by the our Siddhars in various Siddha literature. For the purpose of study, 500gm of drug Thurusu was procured from renowned country drug shop in Chennai. The authentication for drug was obtained from by Assistant Director(Scientist 2)-in-charge, Siddha Central Research Institute Arumbakkam, Chennai. Kombu honey collected from Thiruvannamalai District. Cow ghee collected from Kanchipuram District (Home product). Cow milk (For decanted milk water) collected from Kanchipuram District. Then the raw drug was divided into two equal quantities of 250gm. One of the part of the raw drug was taken and powdered well and kept as such labelled as un purified drug Thurusu. The other part of the drug Thurusu was subjected to treatment of triturated with equal quantity or honey and ghee and boiled in a crucible. Then soaked in decanted milk water for 3 days. After the completion of purification procedure, the treated Thurusu was dried well. Then it was powdered and labelled as purified Thurusu. The qualitative and quantitative analyses were done for both the samples of unpurified and purified Thurusu. The physico-chemical analysis of the purified Thurusu reveals state of better absorption in the stomach, higher stability, purity and water solubility. The chemical analysis shows the presence of physiologically important substance such as copper and sulphate. The results of FTIR analysis shows the presence of Copper, sulphur along with the characteristic functional groups. The SEM analysis consists of agglomerates of various shapes and sizes in reduction with increase in magnification from before to after purification. The agglomerates were found leaving pores in between which would permit the circulation of body fluid throughout the coating, when it is used as a medicine. The XRD analysis results depicts clearly that the crystalline phase is increased with increase in intensity, which indicates that purified Thurusu is attributed for better bioavailability and dissolution rate. The Zeta Sizer analysis shows the purified Thurusu size was reduces than the unpurified Thurusu. CONCLUSION: The following inferences are drawn based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of before and after purification of Thurusu with honey, cow ghee, whey water. Before purification the drug is soluble in water, acid, insoluble in alcohol. After the purification the drug is partially soluble in water, alcohol, acid. The absorbtion is reduced in stomach. The colour of unpurified Thurusu was blue in colour was changes to black in colour in purified Thurusu. Before purification the total ash value is 47.51 % w/w which is beyond the permissible limit. After purification the total ash value is 22.89 % w/w which is within the permissible limits. It denotes the impurities are removed. Before purification the moisture content is 28.23 % w/w. After purification the moisture content reduced to 3.562 % w/w. It denotes that the shelf life is increased after purification. The pH of the drug before purification is 3.71 which is acidic. After purification the pH is 4.89 which is also acidic. It denotes the absorption of unpurified drug is reduced than the purified drug. Biologically active substance Copper, sulphur are present. Crystallinity is increased which enriches better bioavailability and dissolution of the drug. Siddha system insists on Purification before using them in the pharmaceutical preparations. The present study of purification process of Thurusu, the impurities is removed and the quality of the drug is improved. Therefore the purified Thurusu when used in medicine preparation increases the efficacy and potency of the medicine. The changes found in after purification of Thurusu indicates the necessity of purification

Evaluation of the Performance and Ranking of Suppliers of a Heavy Industry by TOPSIS Method

144–147The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of the suppliers of a heavy industry and to rank them based on their performance by using Multi Criteria Decision Making Tool (MCDM) – TOPSIS Method. The Criteria and Sub Criteria for the supplier performance evaluation has been decided by a team of experts from the manufacturing industry. DEMATEL is used to calculate the weightage of the criteria and TOPSIS is used to evaluate and rank the suppliers based on these criteria. This paper ranks the suppliers of the industry based on their performance. It also provides a clear picture about various factors affecting the performance of the suppliers. This research provides an insight to all the suppliers as to where they stand with respect to their performance. It helps them identify the factors in which they need to strengthen in order to improve their performance. It also provides a competitive environment for improving their performance which ultimately aids the manufacturing industry with better results from the suppliers